China has a vast territory with various climate regions with varying annual average temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Based on the characteristics of local climates, China is divided into five building climate zones (Fig. 1 a): severe cold region (Region 1), cold region (Region 2), hot summer and cold winter region (Region 3), hot …
Global cold demand accounts for approximately 10-20% of total electricity consumption and is increasing at a rate of approximately 13% per year. It is expected that by the middle of the next century, the energy consumption of cold demand will exceed that of heat demand. Thermochemical energy storage using salt hydrates and phase change …
The sorption thermal battery (STB) is a promising thermal energy storage technology for long-term heating applications. Recent research has focused on the use of an ammonia-based STB for cold regions, while a three-phase water-based STB offers a remarkably high energy storage density (ESD) through crystallization sorption. However, …
Energy saving simulation analysis of natural cooling of fresh air in small and medium-sized data centers in cold winter and hot summer regions November 2021 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEIC54227.2021.00047
The fundamental benefit of adopting TES in DH/DC systems is the ability to decouple heat/cold generation from consumption. When demand exceeds supply, whether, on a short or long-time scale, the primary purpose of TES is to store the highest renewable energy production for later heat/cold consumption.
Thermal energy storage, in particular, is very useful for large-scale applications due to its direct use in applications [11].Due to the timing mismatch between energy supply and consumption [12], especially in thermal energy exchange processes, finding an efficient thermal energy storage medium remains a current challenge [13].
1. Introduction. The cold region and polar areas are higher altitudes on the earth, and present the much colder and drier environment. Over the last decades, the rising air temperature has resulted in the ice shrinking, sea-level rise, and permafrost thawing. Furthermore, the harsh environment conditions require special energetic requirements ...
The post-evaluation of zero energy buildings in cold regions is carried out. • The actual operation data of more than 400 cases were collected. • The energy performance, cost, design feature, technology selection are studied. • The regional difference in China, the
In this study, on the basis of the temperature data collected at 612 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2019, cold regions were defined using three indicators: an average temperature of <−3.0 °C during the coldest month; less than five months with an average temperature of >10 °C; and an annual average temperature of ≤5 …
River ice - Prof. Mark Loewen. Atmospheric icing - Dr. Krzysztof Szilder. Cold Regions Science and Technology is an international journal dealing with the science and technical problems of cold environments in both the polar regions and more temperate locations. It includes fundamental aspects of cryospheric sciences which have applications for ...
Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region. Getu Hailu1,*, Philip Hayes1and Mark Masteller2. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, ECB 301K, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; pmhayes@alaska . 2Bristol Bay Campus, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Box …
4.3. Underground thermal energy storage in aquifers. The underground thermal energy storage in aquifers in China dates back to the 1960s. Shanghai carried out large-scale thermal energy storage in aquifers based on "irrigation in winter and use in summer", supplemented by "irrigation in summer and use in winter".
Accumulation of cooling energy in cold season and thermal insulation in warm season were positive correlation with thickness of porous media layer. It was not recommended to solely adopt crushed rock embankment or crushed rock revetment in aeolian sand environment and regions with higher annual average temperature.
7.2.2.2 Underground Storage. Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) is also a widely used storage technology, which makes use of the ground (e.g., the soil, sand, rocks, and clay) as a storage medium for both heat and cold storage. Means must be provided to add energy to and remove it from the medium.
Most of the previous reviews focus on the application of the cold storage system [26], [27], [28], some reviews present the materials used for cold storage, especially the PCM [29], [30], [31].For example, Faraj et al. [32] presented the heating and cooling applications of phase change cold storage materials in buildings in terms of both passive …
Heat is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, there are three basic modes: conduction, convection and radiation. Heat transfer by convection of liquid water and air is usually negligible in porous media ( Farouki, 1981 ), although some models take into account (e.g., Bronfenbrener, 2009, McKenzie et …
Correspondence: ghailu@alaska ; Tel.: +1-907-786-6366. Received: 20 March 2019; Accepted: 7 May 2019; Published: 13 May 2019. Abstract: We present more than one-year of monitoring results from a thermal energy storage system located in a very cold place with a long winter season.
Confirmed the feasibility of external hung phase change energy storage device in severe cold regions of Northeast China. Abstract ... to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, the modified CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O-based phase change material was used as …
A storage-type heat pump system is investigated for efficient supply in cold region. • Energy from subcooler and condensation thermal accumulator could be recovered. • Condensation heat utilization efficiency …
Greenhouse energy consumption was categorized into four modules: air temperature altering energy, convection energy, conduction energy and ventilation energy. Water absorbed solar energy through heat collector system and stored heat in heat storage system during the daytime, and released heat into the greenhouse through convection …
Also, it has unique advantages in seasonal heat storage (Hirvijoki E, Hirvonen J. (2022) The potential of intermediate-to-deep geothermal boreholes for seasonal storage of district heat. Renewable Energy 198:825-832. Mielke P, Bauer D, Homuth S, et al. (2014
An intermediate working medium and cold energy storage-based system is proposed to improve the operational flexibility and recovery rate for LNG cold energy utilization. A LN 2 cold energy multi-utilization experimental setup has been designed, built, and commissioned in the laboratory to validate the reliability of the simulated results from …
This article provides a review of the thermal energy storage (TES) applied in the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). In this study, ORC utilizing intermittent heat sources with low and medium temperatures up to 350 C are discussed. The possible configuration of …
Owing to the different areas of application, energy storage materials are primarily divided in terms of heat and cold storage. PCMs have been used in various thermal storage applications, including energy conservation in building façades, photovoltaic modules, and ...
Therefore, there is a need to clarify the ambiguous rheological properties of TBAB SHS for it to be used as a cold energy storage and transport medium. Moreover, most of the previous literature reported the apparent viscosity of TBAB SHS covering hydrate fraction ranges less than 0.25.